Gray Code LeetCode Solution

Problem – Gray Code LeetCode Solution

An n-bit gray code sequence is a sequence of 2n integers where:

  • Every integer is in the inclusive range [0, 2n - 1],
  • The first integer is 0,
  • An integer appears no more than once in the sequence,
  • The binary representation of every pair of adjacent integers differs by exactly one bit, and
  • The binary representation of the first and last integers differs by exactly one bit.

Given an integer n, return any valid n-bit gray code sequence.

Example 1:

Input: n = 2
Output: [0,1,3,2]
Explanation:
The binary representation of [0,1,3,2] is [00,01,11,10].
- 00 and 01 differ by one bit
- 01 and 11 differ by one bit
- 11 and 10 differ by one bit
- 10 and 00 differ by one bit
[0,2,3,1] is also a valid gray code sequence, whose binary representation is [00,10,11,01].
- 00 and 10 differ by one bit
- 10 and 11 differ by one bit
- 11 and 01 differ by one bit
- 01 and 00 differ by one bit

Example 2:

Input: n = 1
Output: [0,1]

Constraints:

  • 1 <= n <= 16

Gray Code LeetCode Solution in Python

class Solution:
    # @return a list of integers
    '''
    from up to down, then left to right
    
    0   1   11  110
            10  111
                101
                100
                
    start:      [0]
    i = 0:      [0, 1]
    i = 1:      [0, 1, 3, 2]
    i = 2:      [0, 1, 3, 2, 6, 7, 5, 4]
    '''
    def grayCode(self, n):
        results = [0]
        for i in range(n):
            results += [x + pow(2, i) for x in reversed(results)]
        return results

Gray Code LeetCode Solution in C++

class Solution {
    void utils(bitset<32>& bits, vector<int>& result, int k){
        if (k==0) {
            result.push_back(bits.to_ulong());
        }
        else {
            utils(bits, result, k-1);
            bits.flip(k-1);
            utils(bits, result, k-1);
        }
    }
public:
    vector<int> grayCode(int n) {
        bitset<32> bits;
        vector<int> result;
        utils(bits, result, n);
        return result;
    }
};

Gray Code LeetCode Solution in Java

public List<Integer> grayCode(int n) {
    List<Integer> result = new LinkedList<>();
    for (int i = 0; i < 1<<n; i++) result.add(i ^ i>>1);
    return result;
}
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