Minimum Height Trees LeetCode Solution

Problem – Minimum Height Trees LeetCode Solution

A tree is an undirected graph in which any two vertices are connected by exactly one path. In other words, any connected graph without simple cycles is a tree.

Given a tree of n nodes labelled from 0 to n - 1, and an array of n - 1 edges where edges[i] = [ai, bi] indicates that there is an undirected edge between the two nodes ai and bi in the tree, you can choose any node of the tree as the root. When you select a node x as the root, the result tree has height h. Among all possible rooted trees, those with minimum height (i.e. min(h))  are called minimum height trees (MHTs).

Return a list of all MHTs’ root labels. You can return the answer in any order.

The height of a rooted tree is the number of edges on the longest downward path between the root and a leaf.

Example 1:

Input: n = 4, edges = [[1,0],[1,2],[1,3]]
Output: [1]
Explanation: As shown, the height of the tree is 1 when the root is the node with label 1 which is the only MHT.

Example 2:

Input: n = 6, edges = [[3,0],[3,1],[3,2],[3,4],[5,4]]
Output: [3,4]

Constraints:

• 1 <= n <= 2 * 104
• edges.length == n - 1
• 0 <= ai, bi < n
• ai != bi
• All the pairs (ai, bi) are distinct.
• The given input is guaranteed to be a tree and there will be no repeated edges.

Minimum Height Trees LeetCode Solution in Java

public List<Integer> findMinHeightTrees(int n, int[][] edges) {
    if (n == 1) return Collections.singletonList(0);

    List<Set<Integer>> adj = new ArrayList<>(n);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) adj.add(new HashSet<>());
    for (int[] edge : edges) {
        adj.get(edge[0]).add(edge[1]);
        adj.get(edge[1]).add(edge[0]);
    }

    List<Integer> leaves = new ArrayList<>();
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
        if (adj.get(i).size() == 1) leaves.add(i);

    while (n > 2) {
        n -= leaves.size();
        List<Integer> newLeaves = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i : leaves) {
            int j = adj.get(i).iterator().next();
            adj.get(j).remove(i);
            if (adj.get(j).size() == 1) newLeaves.add(j);
        }
        leaves = newLeaves;
    }
    return leaves;
}

Minimum Height Trees LeetCode Solution in Python

def findMinHeightTrees(self, n, edges):
    if n == 1: return [0] 
    adj = [set() for _ in xrange(n)]
    for i, j in edges:
        adj[i].add(j)
        adj[j].add(i)

    leaves = [i for i in xrange(n) if len(adj[i]) == 1]

    while n > 2:
        n -= len(leaves)
        newLeaves = []
        for i in leaves:
            j = adj[i].pop()
            adj[j].remove(i)
            if len(adj[j]) == 1: newLeaves.append(j)
        leaves = newLeaves
    return leaves

Minimum Height Trees LeetCode Solution in C++

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> findMinHeightTrees(int n, vector<vector<int>>& edges) {
        if(n==0)
            return {};
        if(n==1)
            return {0};
        vector<int>res;
        vector<int>degrees(n,0);
        vector<vector<int>>adj(n);
        for(int i=0;i<edges.size();i++)
        {
            adj[edges[i][0]].push_back(edges[i][1]);//creating adjacent list
            adj[edges[i][1]].push_back(edges[i][0]);
            degrees[edges[i][1]]++;//updating how many edges each node has
            degrees[edges[i][0]]++;
        }
        queue<int>queue;
        for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
        {
            if(degrees[i]==1)//adding all the leave nodes
                queue.push(i);
        }
        while(!queue.empty())
        {
            res.clear();// clear vector before we start traversing level by level.
            int size=queue.size();
            for(int i=0;i<size;i++)
            {
                int cur=queue.front();
                queue.pop();
                res.push_back(cur);//adding nodes to vector.Goal is to get a vector of  just 1 or 2 nodes available.
                for(auto &neighbor:adj[cur])
                {
                    degrees[neighbor]--;//removing current leave nodes
                    if(degrees[neighbor]==1)//adding current leave nodes
                        queue.push(neighbor);
                }
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
};

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