Sort Colors LeetCode Solution

Problem – Sort Colors

Given an array nums with n objects colored red, white, or blue, sort them in-place so that objects of the same color are adjacent, with the colors in the order red, white, and blue.

We will use the integers 0, 1, and 2 to represent the color red, white, and blue, respectively.

You must solve this problem without using the library’s sort function.

Example 1:

Input: nums = [2,0,2,1,1,0]
Output: [0,0,1,1,2,2]

Example 2:

Input: nums = [2,0,1]
Output: [0,1,2]

Constraints:

• n == nums.length
• 1 <= n <= 300
• nums[i] is either 0, 1, or 2.

Follow up: Could you come up with a one-pass algorithm using only constant extra space?

Sort Colors LeetCode Solution in Python

def sortColors(self, nums):
    red, white, blue = 0, 0, len(nums)-1
    
    while white <= blue:
        if nums[white] == 0:
            nums[red], nums[white] = nums[white], nums[red]
            white += 1
            red += 1
        elif nums[white] == 1:
            white += 1
        else:
            nums[white], nums[blue] = nums[blue], nums[white]
            blue -= 1

Sort Colors LeetCode Solution in C++

class Solution {
    public:
    void sortColors(vector<int>& nums) 
    {
        int tmp = 0, low = 0, mid = 0, high = nums.size() - 1;
    
        while(mid <= high)
        {
            if(nums[mid] == 0)
            {
                tmp = nums[low];
                nums[low] = nums[mid];
                nums[mid] = tmp;
                low++;
                mid++;
            }
            else if(nums[mid] == 1)
            {
                mid++;
            }
            else if(nums[mid] == 2)
            {
                tmp = nums[high];
                nums[high] = nums[mid];
                nums[mid] = tmp;
                high--;
            }
        }
    }
};

Sort Colors LeetCode Solution in Java

public void sortColors(int[] nums) {
    // 1-pass
    int p1 = 0, p2 = nums.length - 1, index = 0;
    while (index <= p2) {
        if (nums[index] == 0) {
            nums[index] = nums[p1];
            nums[p1] = 0;
            p1++;
        }
        if (nums[index] == 2) {
            nums[index] = nums[p2];
            nums[p2] = 2;
            p2--;
            index--;
        }
        index++;
    }
}

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